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ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Virgil
Virgil
Publius Vergilius Maro, known in English as Virgil or Vergil, was born in 70 B.C.E. in northern Italy. He wrote three major works, most notably the Aeneid, a Roman equivalent of what Homer produced for the Greeks...
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FURTHER READING
Poems About Hell
Inferno, Canto XIV
by Dante Alighieri
A Myth of Devotion
by Louise Glück
A Season in Hell
by Arthur Rimbaud
Canto XIV
by Ezra Pound
Descriptions of Heaven and Hell
by Mark Jarman
Hades' Pitch
by Rita Dove
Hellish Night
by Arthur Rimbaud
How Can It Be I Am No Longer I
by Lucie Brock-Broido
I Am a Cowboy in the Boat of Ra
by Ishmael Reed
Medusa
by Patricia Smith
Orfeo
by Jack Spicer
Proverbs of Hell
by William Blake
Silence Raving
by Clayton Eshleman
Slim Greer in Hell
by Sterling A. Brown
Strange Meeting
by Wilfred Owen
Styx
by Dana Levin
The Bistro Styx
by Rita Dove
The Philosophy of Pitchforks
by Sue Owen
The Pomegranate
by Eavan Boland
Related Prose
Poetic Form: Epic
Poems about the Underworld
Transcript: C. K. Williams and Robert Fagles
by Robert Fagles and C. K. Williams
Other Epics
Inferno, Canto I
by Dante Alighieri
Inferno, Canto XXXIV
by Dante Alighieri
The Iliad, Book I, Lines 1-14
by Homer
The Iliad, Book I, Lines 1-15
by Homer
The Iliad, Book I, Lines 1-16
by Homer
The Iliad, Book I, ["A Friend Consigned to Death"]
by Homer
The Odyssey, Book I, Lines 1-20
by Homer
The Odyssey, Book XXIII, ["The Trunk of the Olive Tree"]
by Homer
from Don Juan ["If from great nature's or our own abyss"]
by George Gordon Byron
from The Aeneid ["A grove stood in the city"]
by Virgil
from The Aeneid ["So, you traitor"]
by Virgil
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from The Aeneid ["First, the sky and the earth"]  
by Virgil
Translated by Robert Fagles

                                                              "First,
the sky and the earth and the flowing fields of the sea,
the shining orb of the moon and the Titan sun, the stars:
an inner spirit feeds them, coursing through all their limbs,
mind stirs the mass and their fusion brings the world to birth.
From their union springs the human race and the wild beasts,
the winged lives of birds and the wondrous monsters bred
below the glistening surface of the sea. The seeds of life—
fiery is their force, divine their birth, but they
are weighed down by the bodies' ills or dulled
by earthly limbs and flesh that's born for death.
That is the source of all men's fears and longings,
joys and sorrows, nor can they see the heavens' light,
shut up in the body's tomb, a prison dark and deep.
                                                              "True,
but even on that last day, when the light of life departs,
the wretches are not completely purged of all the taints,
nor are they wholly freed of all the body's plagues.
Down deep they harden fast—they must, so long engrained
in the flesh—in strange, uncanny ways. And so the souls
are drilled in punishments, they must pay for their old offenses.
Some are hung splayed out, exposed to the empty winds,
some are plunged in the rushing floods—their stains,
their crimes scoured off or scorched away by fire.
Each of us must suffer his own demanding ghost.
Then we are sent to Elysium's broad expanse,
a few of us even hold these fields of joy
till the long days, a cycle of time seen through,
cleanse our hard, inveterate stains and leave us clear
ethereal sense, the eternal breath of fire purged and pure.
But all the rest, once they have turned the wheel of time
for a thousand years: God calls them forth to the Lethe,
great armies of souls, their memories blank so that
they may revisit the overarching world once more
and begin to long to return to bodies yet again."



Lines 836-869 from "Book Six: The Kingdom of the Dead," from Virgil: The Aeneid by Virgil, translated by Robert Fagles, copyright © 2006 by Robert Fagles. Used by permission of Viking Penguin, a division of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.
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